Popular Name(s):

Origin: Patani

Location(s): Mecca (all works, except al-Jawahir al-saniyah in Ta’if)

Biographical Details: b. 1183/1769, Patani, d. 22 Rajab 1263/6 July 1847, Ta’if (near Mecca). Some writers claim implausible earlier birth dates of 1133/1720 and 1153/1740, but these may be discounted. He grew up as the son of one of the principle shaykhs of Patani and had a close personal relationship with the royal family. He fled Patani during its defeat to Siam in 1785-6, was in Mecca by c. 1787, and studied with a number of Arab teachers there, including the great al-Falimbani in the latter’s final years. It seems likely that Da’ud was involved in a brief jihad against Siam, led by al-Falimbani, in 1788, which he was fortunate to survive since most of the rest of the participants were massacred.

He returned to Mecca where by 1809 he emerged as a prolific writer and new leader of Malay-speakers there. He had completed at least 45 works by his retirement in 1843. He never married and had no biological children, though he returned to the peninsula in 1845/6, at which time he adopted his grandnephew, Muhammad b. ‘Isma’il Daudi al-Fatani (1844-1915), and returned to Mecca, only to die within the year.

He is generally regarded as Patani’s greatest Islamic scholar, perhaps on equal footing only with Shaykh Ahmad b. Muhammad Zayn al-Fatani, another figure who spent nearly all of his life in Mecca.

Teachers:

1. Shaykh ‘Abd al-Samad b. ‘Abd Allah al-Jawi al-Falimbani (c. 1704-91)
   
2. Muhammad b. ‘Ali al-Shanwani (d. 1817)
3. ‘Abd Allah al-Sharqawi (1737-1812)
4. Shaykh Muhammad Salih b. ‘Ibrahim al-Zubayri (1774-1825)
5. Sayyid ‘Abd Allah al-Mahjub al-Mirghani (d. 1792)
6. Muhammad As’ad al-Hanafi al-Makki
7. Ahmad al-Marzuqi al-Maliki

Students:

1. Tok Pulai Chondong (c. 1792-1873)
   
2. Lebai ‘Iman
   
3. Lebai Wan Su b. Wan Muhammad al-Fatani (fl. 1817)
   
4. Ahmad Khatib Sambas
   
5. Haji Sulayman b. Ahmad Shah (fl. 1818-27)
   
6. Tuan Bukit Bayas (c. 1790s-1864)
   
7. Haji Mahmud b. Muhammad Yusuf b. ‘Abd Al-Qadir al-Jawi al-Tarkanu (fl. 1819-74)
   
8. ‘Abd al-Malik b. ‘Isa al-Tarkanu (fl. 1823)
   
9. ‘Ibrahim b. Wan Su al-Fatani (fl. 1827)
   
10. Wan ‘Ali b. Wan Hamid
11. Shaykh ‘Abd Allah b. Tuan Shaykh ‘Abd al-Rahim al-Fatani
    
12. Ong San (fl. 1849-60s)
    
13. Tuan Hassan Besut (d. c. 1864)
    
14. ‘Abd al-Rahman b. ‘Abd al-Samad al-Fatani (fl. 1831-39)
    
15. Tok Bendang Daya Muda (1818-95)
    
16. Shaykh Muhammad Zayn b. Haji Wan Mustafa al-Fatani (1817-1908)
    
17. Ahmad al-Jawi Kedah (fl. 1832)
    
18. Shaykh Haji Wan Musa al-Fatani
    
19. ‘Arshad b. ‘Abd Allah al-Jawi al-Tarkanu (fl. 1841/2)
    
20. ‘Abd al-Malik b. Muhammad Amin al-Fatani (fl. 1842-44)
    
21. Shaykh Muhammad Shihab al-Din b. Shaykh Muhammad Arshad (fl. 1842-43)
    
22. Haji Derani (d. c. 1880)
    
23. ‘Abd al-Hadi b. Muhammad ‘Isam al-Fatani (fl. 1844)
    
24. Shaykh Nik Dir Patani (1829-98)

Writing(s):

1. Bahja al-mardiyya – 14 Shawwal 1259 AH [7 Nov 1843 CE]
2. Bahja al-Saniyya fi al-aqa’id al-saniyya – 24 Safar 1245 AH [25 Aug 1829 CE]
3. Bisharat al-ikhwan bi asbab al-mawt ‘ala al-iman – 8 Rabi al-akhir 1226 AH [9 Apr 1811 CE]
4. Bidayat al-hidaya
5. Bughyat al-tullab li-murid ma’rifat al-ahkam bi-al-sawab
6. Bulugh al-muram fi kayfiyyat muqaranat takbirat al-ihram – Rabi al-awwal 1227 AH [1812 CE]
7. Diya al-murid fi ma’rifat kalimat al-tawhid – 18 Dhu’l Qada 1247 AH [19 Apr 1832 CE]
8. Durr al-thamin fi ‘aqa’id al-Mu’minin – 17 Shawwal 1232 AH [30 Aug 1817 CE]
9. Fara’id Fawa’id al-fikri fi al-imam al-Mahdi
10. Fath al-mannan li safwat al-zubad – 16 Ramadan 1249 AH [27 Jan 1834 CE]
11. Furu al-masa’il wa-usul al-wasa’il – 1257 AH [1841/2 CE]
12. Ghayat al-maram fi kayfiyyat ala al-hajj al-Islam – 5 Dhu’l Qada 1229 AH [19 Oct 1814 CE]
13. Ghayat al-taqrib fi al-irth wa-al-ta’sib – 5 Safar 1226 AH [1 Mar 1811 CE]
14. Hidayat al-muta’allim wa-umdat al-Mu’allim – 12 Jumada al-akhir 1244 AH [20 Dec 1828 CE]
15. Idah al-bab li-murid al-nikah bi-al-sawab – 9 Rabi al-awwal 1224 AH [14 Apr 1809 CE]
16. Jam’ al-fawa’id wa jawahir al-aqa’id – 27 Jumada al-awwal 1227 AH [29 Jan 1824 CE]
17. Jawahir al-saniyyah fi sharh al-‘aqa’id al-diniyyah wa-ahkam al-fiqh al-mardiyyah wa-tariq al-suluk al-Muhammadiyya – 16 Jumada al-awwal 1252 AH [29 Aug 1836 CE]
18. Kanz al-minan ‘ala hikam Abi Madyan – 23 Rabi al-akhir 1240 AH [15 Dec 1824 CE]
19. Kashf al-ghummah fi ahwal al-mawta fi al-barzakh wa-al-qiyamah – 20 Rabi al-awwal 1238 AH [5 Dec 1822 CE]
20. Kayfiyyat khitam al-Quran
21. Kifayat al-muhtaj fi al-isra wa-al-mi’raj – 27 Muharam 1224 AH [14 Mar 1809 CE]
22. Kitab Majmu’
23. Kitab Maulud Nabi – 1234 AH [1818/9 CE]
24. Kitab Sembahyang Jum’a – 2 Sha’ban 1232 AH [17 Jun 1817 CE]
25. Kitab Sifat dua puluh
26. Manhal al-safi fi bayan ramz ahl al-sufi
27. Minhaj al-abidin ila jannah rabb al-alamin – 15 Jumada al-akhir 1240 AH [4 Feb 1825 CE]
28. Mudhakarat al-ikhwan – 25 Ramadan 1249 AH [5 Feb 1834 CE]
29. Munyat al-musalli – 15 Dhu’l Hijja 1242 AH [10 Jul 1827 CE]
30. Musawwada – 9 Rabi al-awwal 1234 AH [6 Jan 1819 CE]
31. Nahj al-raghibin wa sabil al-muhtadin [vol. 1] – 1226 AH [1811 CE], [vol. 2] – Jumada al-awwal 1232 AH [1817 CE]
32. Qawa’id al-Islam
33. Risalah kelebihan basmalah
34. Risalah kelebihan hamdalah
35. Risalah masalah fiqh
36. Sayd wa-al-zaba’i
37. Sullam al-mubtadi fi bayan tariqat muhtadi – 13 Rajab 1252 AH [24 Oct 1836 CE]
38. Sha’ir saudagar Yahya, 15 Ramadan 1233 AH [19 July 1818 CE]
39. Tanbih al-ghafilin
40. Tuhfat al-raghibin fi bayan haqiqat iman al-Mu’minin – 1230 AH [1814/5 CE]
41. Tuhfat al-raghibin fi suluk tariq al-muttaqin – 1233 AH [1817/8 CE]
42. Ward al-zawahir li-hall alfaz ‘iqd al-jawahir – 9 Rajab 1245 AH [4 Jan 1830 CE]
43. Wasaya al-abrar wa-mawa’iz al-akhyar

References:

1. Abdullah, Hj. Wan Mohd. Shaghir. Penyebaran Islam & Silsilah Ulama: Sejagat Dunia Melayu, vol. 10. Kuala Lumpur: Khazaniah Fathaniyah, 1999: 1-42.
2. ________. Manhalush Shafi: Syeikh Daud al-Fathani; Membicarakan Rumus-rumus Shufi dan Istilah-istilah Tasawuf. Kuala Lumpur: Khazanah Fathaniyah, 1992.
3. ________. Syeikh Daud bin Abdullah al-Fatani: Ulama’ dan Pengarang Terulung Asia Tenggara. Shah Alam: Penerbitan Hizbi, 1990.
4. Badaruddin, Faudzinaim Hj. “Syeikh Daud al-Fatani: Riwayat Hidup, Pendidikan dan Karya-karyanya,” Al-Maw‘izah 7 (Jun 1999): 37-53.
5. Bradley, Francis R. Forging Islamic Power and Place: The Legacy of Shaykh Daud bin ‘Abd Allah al-Fatani in Mecca and Southeast Asia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, forthcoming.
6. ________. “Islamic Reform, the Family, and Knowledge Networks Linking Mecca and Southeast Asia in the Nineteenth Century,” Journal of Asian Studies 74, no. 1 (Feb 2014): 89-111.
7. ________. “Shaykh Da’ud al-Fatani’s Munyat al-Musalli and the Place of Prayer in Nineteenth-century Patani Communities,” in special issue “Global Conjunctions in the Indian Ocean: Malay World Textual Trajectories” in Indonesia and the Malay World 41, no. 120: 198-214.
8. ________. “Shaykh Daud bin Abdullah al-Fatani’s Writings Contained in the National Library of Malaysia.” Jurnal Filologi Melayu 16: 121-41.
9. ________. The Social Dynamics of Islamic Revivalism in Southeast Asia: The Rise of the Patani School, 1785-1909. Ph.D Diss., University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2010.
10. Rahman, Norhayati Abdul. “Kitab Musawaddah: Koleksi Tambahan Cerita-cerita Nabi Muhammad S.A.W.” Jurnal Filologi Melayu 4 (1995): 92-9.